Vulnerability and Adaptation Capabilities of the Rural Poor to Climate Change Effects in Kwara State, Nigeria

Abstract

Climate change is expected to worsen the condition of the poor because they less capable to respond its adverse effects. This study examines the vulnerability and capability of the rural poor to adapt to the adverse effects of climate change in Ilorin South Local Government Area, Kwara State. Data for the study were obtained through focus group discussion and the use of structured questionnaire. Purposive sampling technique was used to select five rural settlements from which a representative sample of 30% of households in each settlement was then selected using equal probability systematic sampling technique. A relative poverty line was derived for the area whereby, all those who earn less than 50% of the mean income were regarded as poor. Vulnerability indices were also constructed using the integrated approach to vulnerability analysis. It was discovered that while the level of poverty was low (39%) a close positive relationship was observed between poverty and level of vulnerability. It was also observed that no adaptation method was carried out alone but, in combination with other adaptation techniques. Major adaptation measures employed by the people are planting different crops, planting different varieties of the same crop, changing types of crops planted and soil conservation techniques. The study recommends that, policies aimed at improving adaptive capabilities should be pursued. Some of the strategies suggested include improving rural roads to facilitate access to inputs and output markets.