EMBEDDED OPEN SCIENCE AS ROADMAP FOR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND INNOVATION IN KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN SOCIETY IN THE 4TH IR

Abstract

dissemination accessible to all levels of an inquisitive society across the globe. OS is a major step towards greater and better public use of information that research generates for knowledge building. The study is exploratory in nature as the study critically reviewed extant literature surrounding Open Science with a focus on science, technology, and innovation in 4IR, especially in the COVID-19 era. This study covered the OS concept and its emergence. Data sharing concepts were reviewed. Different open science schools of thought were explained. Moreover, the principles of OS towards research data sharing were highlighted. The study explored the objectives and characteristics of OS. The benefits of OS to knowledge management towards science, technology, and innovation were discussed. In addition, the paper established the relationship between Open Science and other concepts with the word openness. In addition, the key actors of OS were identified. Furthermore, the challenges of OS were underscored by knowledge management. It was concluded that OS as an umbrella term that encompasses norms of knowledge management with a great potential to flourish in a knowledge-driven society, especially in the COVID 19 era. Among the recommendations is the need for policy development and strategic planning within research institutions themselves to promote openness as a result of the adoption of OS. Also, the needs to develop an Open Science Framework (OSF) for managing the scientific workflow across the entirety of the scientific process.