Water resource protection in Africa’s mining sector: A Nigerian perspective

Abstract

Extractives from mining pollute water sources in mine communities, resulting in severe impacts on the health of people, animals, aquatic life and agricultural land. Mining operations can lead to competition for water resources between host communities and companies, resulting in social conflicts. This is the experience in Nigeria, where the economy depends strongly on the extractive industries. Currently, the mining industry is one of the sectors considered for economic development in Nigeria. Although benefits can be derived from the development of mineral resources in the country, it is necessary to consider the adverse impacts of the activity. This article examines the current state of water resource management in mining and highlights the effects of mining activities on water, as well as the challenges involved in Nigeria. It argues that mining has an adverse impact on water quality and poses a significant risk to the communities surrounding mines. It identifies and examines the relevant laws in the Nigerian mining industry, determining the extent to which they protect water during mining operations. Considering the challenges posed to water protection in Nigeria, the article finds that the government’s response to the problems surrounding water use in mining is inadequate. It draws lessons from other countries and suggests that the government should strengthen national laws, monitor the use of water by industries, and ensure that they minimise their impact on water resources in Nigeria through sustainable mining practices.