Aqueous extract of Parkia biglobosa ameliorates risk markers of cardiometabolic diseases in spironolactone treated and high-salt fed Sprague-Dawley male rats.

Abstract

Objectives: The number of people with salt-sensitive hypertension and cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) are increasing due to high-salt diet (HSD) consumption globally. Parkia biglobosa (PB), an African locust bean tree, has been reported to have several cardiovascular protective properties but its ameliorative effects on CMD are scarcely reported. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the effects of PB stem bark aqueous extract on some risk markers of CMD in weanling male rats subjected to HSD and Spironolactone (Sp) treatment. Methods:Twenty-five weanling male rats (95-105 g) were divided into 5 groups: Group 1 (Control); Group 2 (untreated HSD) fed on normal chow and HSD (8% NaCl); Group 3 (HSD+Sp); Group 4 (HSD+PB); Group 5 (HSD+Sp+PB) fed on HSD (8% NaCl) and received either 80 mg/kg of Sp or 400 mg/kg of PB and both as treatment, respectively. After 6 weeks of treatment, blood andcardiac samples were collected from each animal for biochemical analysis. Results: Administration of both PB and Sp or only PB, significantly decreased the plasma or cardiac adenosine deaminase (8.39 vs18.61 mg/dl; P< 0.05), xanthine oxidase (0.30 vs 0.70 mg/dl; P<0.05), Creactive protein(30.07 vs 66.88 mg/dl; P<0.05), lipids (except high-density lipoprotein), uric acid (5.93 vs 8.51mg/dl; p< 0.05), sodium (122.60 vs141.38 mmol/l;P<0.05), and potassium (5.57 vs 7.83mmol/l; P<0.05) concentrations. Contrarily, the plasma, as well as cardiac nitric oxide and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, increased significantly by the same treatment (8.83 vs 4.48mg/100 mg tissue; P<0.05). Conclusion: Parkia biglobosa or its administration with Spironolactone ameliorates associated-risk markers of cardiometabolic disease which are triggered by a high salt diet.